胆子小的别看 求高手解答
苏州大学附属三院常州市第一人民医院
史伟峰 教授
人们通常会问HIV在体外能够存活多久？人们接触到别人的体液，那些体液可能会有HIV，从而担心会被传染。关于平常接触是否能传染艾滋病这样的问题几乎总是被问及，我们也知道只有通过无保护性接触、共用注射器、或通过重大和直接与感染HIV的血液接触才会感染。HIV体外存活时间取决于以下几个因素：
● 体液中HIV的数量；
● 体液所处的条件
在实验室里，即使体液干了HIV也可持续存活15天（具有感染性），然而这是在HIV浓度极高，而且温度和湿度稳定情况下，实验室外很难有这样的条件。HIV很脆弱，许多常见的物质如56℃热水30min，0.5%的漂白粉、70%的酒精、0.3%H2O2或0.5%来苏处理5分钟就可杀灭。
因处理体液而感染HIV的机会极小，因为这些体液很难有机会进入人体的血液。但任何人处理血液、精液、阴道分泌物时都要小避免让它们接触到损伤的皮肤或粘膜（如眼周围）。
实验室里不小心洒出的血液、体液要拖抹掉，并用水或肥皂清洗，然后用漂白粉清洁。为了最大程度的安全，处理清洗洒出的血液时要戴乳胶手套，清理工作结束后要洗手。
空气本身不能杀死HIV，但暴露在空气中会使（含HIV）的体液干燥，从而很多病毒很快地被破坏。美国CDC报告干燥几个小时就可以使病毒减少90－99%的活性。
必须指出，在用过的注射针头的残留血液里，HIV可以存活数天。因为血液残留在注射针头里不易干燥。使用针头可以直接进入人体的血液，因此，使用过的注射针头很具有HIV传染的危险性。理想的解决方法是，用过的注射针头不重复使用，如果要从重复使用，在使用前必须经漂白粉或酒精处理。
为什么有的帖子说HIV病毒只能在体外活几秒钟啊 上面写的是不是真的啊 这下又恐了 顶啊........................... :'(:'(:Q:Q:Q:Q 首先是MEDHELP上免费区的提问：
提问：
I am a man from China , 26 years old . I hope that you can understand my English .
It was about 52 days before my last test which was a negtive (they said with the third generation reagent , only check the antibody ,without antigen ) , I have a protected sex with a girl-sex-worker . And got a mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which I think because I took a bath there and use their towels .
THE PROBLEM IS:
After that , before I notice the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection problem , and also 43 days before my last negtive result , I have a hand-job with another girl-sex-worker (only do hand-job ) ; and druing this I feel itch in mypenis( urethra , in fact) . I touch her vulva without my finger insert into her vagina , and I don't feel moist on my finger . before I take bath ( touch my penis with my finger ) , it about more than 3-5 mins I touch her leg ( wipe out most if there is someting as Vaginal secretions) and make my finger expose to the air .
I KNOW HAND-JOB IS A SAFE ACTION , BUT WHAT ABOUT IF I HAVE A mycoplasma pneumoniae infection problemAS ABOVE , IS IT STILL SAFE ?
And I do really want know what do you weat doctors consider about window period ? There are a lot CDCs in China , some said 6 weeks , some said 45 days ,some 12 weeks and some 90 days ... Am I safe now with a 43 days negtive result ?
Thank you very much ! 我是一个中国男性，26岁，希望各位能理解我的英文。
大约在我最后一次检测并且得到阴性结果52天以前（他们说这是三代试剂，只检查抗体，不检查抗原），我与一个女性性工作者发生了有保护的XJ，并且有了肺炎支原体感染（这里想说解脲脲原体，非淋，专业名词查错了），我估计是因为在她那里洗澡并使用了毛巾。
我现在的问题是：在那之后，在我意识到支原体问题之前，也就是最后一次检测前43天，我接受了另一个性工作者的SY服务（她只做SY），在这过程中我觉得自己的YJ痒（实际是尿道口痒）。我摸了她的外阴但没有伸入，并且我没有觉得自己的手指有湿润感。在我洗澡之前，大约有3-5分钟的时间我摸了她的大腿（如果手指上有分泌物的话，抹掉了大部分）并且使我的手指暴露在空气中。
我知道SY是安全行为，但是如果我有了如上所述的支原体问题，是否仍然是安全的？
并且我非常想知道你们西方的医生是如何看待窗口期的，在中国有很多的CDC，有的说六周，有的说四十五天，有的说十二周，有的说就是天。我想知道四十三天的结果是否足够安全。 LIZZIE LOU回答：
NOTHING that you have described put you at risk for contracting hiv.
further testing is not needed.
你描述的事情中没有任何可能接触到HIV的风险，不需要进一步的测试。
追问：
Thank you , thank you very much !
It's because when I went to the hospital to deal with the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection , the doctor asked me to do the test without asking the action .
Thank you very much and I HAVE A FURTHER QUESTION for me and some people I meet in China from internet.
We said that if the Body fluid leave the human body and expose to the air , then it will be no Infectious , how much time it need ? for my instance , asI don't feel moist on my finger , I think the Volume ofbody fluid will be less than 0.2 ml . thank you very much ! .
谢谢。
我之所以紧张是因为我去医院处理支原体问题的时候，医生在没有询问我具体行为的情况下就让我去检测。
非常感谢，但我还有一个进一步的问题，这可以帮助我以及一些我在中国网络上见到的人：
我们说体液在离开人体并接触空气之后就会失去感染性，这大概需要多少时间。就我的情况而言，因为没有感觉到湿润，我想如果接触了分泌物，数量不会超过0.2ml 。 RainLover71回答：
Blood or other infected bodily fluids do not have to be dry for the HIV virus to become inactive.
血液或者其他感染性体液不需要等到干了才会失去传染性。
追问：
Thank you !
So , it's immediately , right ? .
应该是立即失去传染性，对吗？
RainLover71回答：
YES!
这个帖子后面的部分我询问了没有射J而担心TT有小缺口的问题，TEAK和RainLover71表示，TT只会灾难性的明显的破，所以如果它破了，至少在拔出后，你一定能够感觉到并且看到的。
另外和RainLover71私聊，他说澳大利亚的绝大多数医院给出的窗口期都是6周。 接下来是在MEDHELP付费区提问的帖子，DRHHH我相信大家都承认是专家了吧，不承认的只能去信春哥了。
Dear Dr,
I'm a chinese male, 26. I really suffered a lot these days. I put a question to the medical support forum, people there make me much stable . But I worried about other sth. after heared from someone , make me nervous again.
On April 30th , I have a protected oral & protected vagina sex with a CSW;
On May 3rd, another CSW, I put my penis between her legs, without condom, our postures like doing entercourse, I rubbed penis on her leg and ejaculated, and afraid of my glans touched her vulva and secretions. I remember I feel a little itch on my urethra several seconds, but not very sure; she show me her nagetive report 3 weeks after the action.
On May 9th, another CSW, I received a hand-job, and during that I do feel itch in my urethra, after that I met a DR and be told got a mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which I think because took a bath in the first CSW’s place, use the towels. THE PROBLEM IS, I touch her vulva during the hand-job and maybe touch my glans or urethral orifice after that.
More details: I touched her vulva without finger-insert, and don't feel moist. before I touch my penis with my finger again, it about 3mins,I touch her leg and make my finger expose to the air.
I read a lot your answers and know hand-job is safe even when genital secretions are used for lubrication. BUT WHAT ABOUT one have mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, when I met a doctor for my 8 weeks' test, she said this STD can make a lot "target cell" - CD4 there, so dangerious and I should take 12 week test. Now I have 15-20 rash on my neck since about my 49-52 days, still there now, project out the skin , like a folliculitis.
What do you think about my situation? The leg-stuff is safe? If have SUCH A STD , then do a hand-job, genital secretions used for lubrication is still safe? 3 mins’ expose enough? 55 days negtive is conclusive? Need further test?
Thank you very much 欢迎来到论坛，然而，你已经在谈论区获得了明确的答复，因而我的回答将会比较简略。
第一，如你所说你被告知（并且你也明白），HIV的性接触感染只可能发生在JJ插入阴道，直肠，或者（几乎比可能）口腔中，所以你所描述的情况是零风险的。本身是否有某种感染，包括你说的肺炎支原体（后面的对话中我解释了翻译错了，是解脲脲原体，非淋，DRHHH说一样的），不会改变这个事实。
第二，你说的症状不是急性期症状。
第三，也是最重要的，你的检测结果证明了你没有感染。即使你有过高危行为（事实上你没有），即使你有过典型的急性期症状（事实上你也没有），检测结果高于行为历史和症状。55天是足以或者保守的肯定的结果的时间，尽管官方，通常说是三个月。这里有另一个讨论窗口期的帖子。（这个链接现在被删了，因为发帖人在DR告诉他结束咨询后继续发帖，我也被这样警告了。大家可以看这个，另一个人把DRHHH的原文截图并翻译，关于6-8周论的，
所以你可以确定你是安全的，不想讨论区，我不会回答一系列 “如果”的问题，但是希望这些信息对你有帮助。 在BODY上的提问：
1. I put my penis between the legs of a CSW , and rub it until ejaculation , if my penis touch her vulva and some vaginal secretions , as the legs tight together and a little like a closed environment , is that dangerous ?
2. If I already have a Nongonococcal urethritis , is that still safe for me to accept a masturbation from a CSW ? Maybe my penis contect with a little vaginal secretions cause I touched her vulva . I feel itchy on my urethra during this masturbation and found the Nongonococcal urethritis after that .
1、腿推，怀疑接触外阴及分泌物。
2、非淋下飞机，担心接触分泌物。
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