没心学习，为了调整，我来翻译一篇文章

Daniel

http://www.bcmj.org/bc-centre-disease-control/don%E2%80%99t-wait-test-hiv
这是British Columbia Medical Journal也就是不列颠哥伦比亚省，加拿大的医学杂志
我直译了意思各位懂的……

Don’t wait to test for HIV
不要等着去测HIV
Issue: BCMJ, Vol. 52, No. 6, July, August 2010, page(s) 308         BC Centre for Disease Control
Mark Gilbert, MD, FRCPC, Mel Krajden, MD, FRCPC

Understanding when an HIV test will be positive after infection is key to recommending when to get an HIV test and to providing accurate

了解什么时候的HIV测试能获得准确的结果是何时去检测并且得到准确信息的关键

information to patients concerned about a possible exposure to HIV.

Waiting 3 months to get tested after a possible exposure to HIV is often recommended because a negative test before 3 months could be a

通常，都是建议等着3个月再去检测，因为3个月之前的阴性很可能不准确，不过，随着科技的进步，HIV的检测等到三个月再进行就显得没有必要了

false negative and waiting yields a definitive result. However, advances in the technology of HIV testing have made waiting for -3 months unnecessary.

Improvements in HIV test window periods
艾滋窗口期的检测改进
Recent improvements in HIV tests have significantly shortened the window periods of the tests (the time from infection to detection of HIV).[1]

最近的HIV检测技术的进步大大缩短了检测的窗口期（能检测到HIV病毒的时间）

The average window periods for the following tests are:

平均的HIV检测窗口期如下

• 20 to 22 days for third-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests, which detect HIV antibodies.
这个是三代的（大部分都这个吧？）
• 16 to 18 days for fourth-generation EIA tests, which detect p24 antigen and HIV antibodies.

这个是四代的

On HIV test result reports from PHSA Laboratory, third-generation EIA tests are labeled “Anti HIV 1 and 2 EIA” and fourth-generation EIA tests are labeled “HIV 1 and 2 Ab/Ag EIA.” （这里告诉你3代的写着Anti HIV 1 and 2 EIA，4代的写着HIV 1 and 2 Ab/Ag EIA，anti hiv就是hiv抗体，抗体，antibody补充知识了亲们~）

Fourth-generation EIA testing is currently used as a screening test for specimens tested for HIV at Victoria General Hospital; this test is also available at PHSA Laboratories on request.（这里告诉你4代测试在哪里可以获取）

Point-of-care (or rapid) HIV antibody tests are reactive at the same time or up to 1 week after third-generation EIA tests. (The bioLytical INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 Antibody Test is the only licensed POC HIV test in Canada. Details on test performance are available at www.biolytical.com.) （略）

If any of these tests are reactive, HIV infection is confirmed through a Western Blot, or through nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT, or PCR), which detects viral RNA.（这里说什么核酸测试法，和我们话题的WINDOS PERIOD无关）

Window periods for HIV tests are estimates and are not absolute. There is substantial individual variation and tests may take a shorter or longer time to detect HIV infection in different people. （说窗口期因人而异）

Clinical judgment remains important, and a negative result in a client you think has a high likelihood of being HIV positive can be reviewed with a medical microbiologist at PHSA Laboratory at 1 877 747-2522.（略，无关……）
Implications for practice
Most patients can be tested at 6 weeks following a possible exposure to HIV, with testing repeated at 3 months if negative. We estimate >95% of individuals have detectable HIV antibodies by 4 to 6 weeks after infection (with >99% by 3 months). （就是说4-6周有95%的人能检测出来，3个月是99%，PS：极端恐友莫恐，我看到这个数据就觉得很心安了，抽签1/20的几率都是很低的，我自己为了缓解心理压力也玩过，你只抽一次，基本没可能……）

注意：一下内容针对很可能感染HIV的人，为了说明早检测的好处（DT,KJ,之类的请自动滚开）

Patients who are more likely to be infected with HIV can be tested at the time of presentation—regardless of the timing of the possible exposure. （很可能感染HIV的高危人群不用管那些神马窗口期了，直接去检测好了）

This includes patients having a known HIV positive partner, an exposure that is at high risk for HIV, or who have symptoms of seroconversion

这些高危人群包括有一个阳性性伙伴，或者有早期疑似症状的

illness (an early influenza-like illness in 50% to 90% of newly infected people, including fever and myalgia, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pharyngitis, head-ache, or lymphadenopathy).

If the HIV test at presentation is negative, baseline HIV status has been established. Another HIV test can be performed 2 to 3 weeks after the

如果现在的hiv检测是阴性，那么hiv的底线就可以被确立（它这里要表达的意思就是说可以从这时开始算了）下一次的hiv检测可以放在2-3周之后进行

exposure, as by this time many individuals infected with HIV will have detect-able HIV antibodies.

此时大多数人都能够有可以检测到hiv的抗体了

For these patients, writing “fourth-generation HIV EIA” or “p24 antigen” on the laboratory requisition form will en-sure a test is performed that has the best capacity to detect early HIV infections.（说四代好处，略……）

Acknowledgments（鸣谢，别纠结这个）
The authors acknowledge the contributions of Dr Richard Lester, Dr Gina Ogilvie, Dr Malcolm Steinberg, Ms Melanie Achen, Ms Meaghan Thumath, and Dr Réka Gustafson in the preparation of this manuscript.

好了，我累死了，希望能帮到各位，下周二拿单，虽然我确信是阴求祝福。