关于HIV的14条误解——来自medhelp
本帖最后由 悔过自新330 于 2012-12-28 16:22 编辑Busting HIV Myths
Since first diagnosing HIV in the U.S. in the1980’s, doctors and researchers have made great strides in identifying,treating and educating the public about the illness. However, manymisconceptions still persist — like open wounds spread HIV — that continue tocause unnecessary fear and anxiety. Read on to learn the truth behind 14 commonmisconceptions about HIV.
自从1980年代美国发现第一例HIV携带者以来，医生和研究人员在检验、医疗和教育公众方面有了长足的进步，但是在这方面还有很多误解——例如开放性伤口传播HIV——这些仍在导致不必要的恐惧和焦虑，请接下来阅读并学习14条关于HIV的常见的误解。
MYTH: HIV Means You Have AIDS
误解一：感染了HIV意味着你有了艾滋病
The human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV,attacks and destroys CD4+ T cells — the cells in your body that help fend offinfection and illness. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the latestage of an HIV infection, when a person’s immune system is severely weakened.Without treatment, most cases of HIV infection will indeed progress to overtAIDS within several years. In fact, most experts now typically refer to“HIV/AIDS” as a single condition because it is a progression of the same virus.However, modern anti-HIV treatment is highly effective and usually prevents theprogression of HIV to AIDS.
HIV病毒攻击并摧毁CD4细胞，CD4细胞是人体免疫细胞。艾滋病(获得性免疫系统缺陷)是当人体的免疫系统被大幅削弱后大面积的HIV感染，如果不经治疗的话，大部分的HIV感染者几年内就会转成AIDS。事实上有大部分的专家混用HIV和AIDS，因为他们是同一病毒的不同发展阶段。现代的抗病毒治疗是非常有效的，通常情况下可以阻止HIV到AIDS的转变过程
MYTH: HIV Can Now Be Cured
误解二，HIV能被治愈
HIV/AIDS is a lifelong condition. As ofyet, there is no cure, though much research continues on that front. But thanksto the development of certain medications, HIV can be controlled and theprogression of the condition can be greatly slowed. By working with your doctorand, it’s very possible to live a long, fulfilling life with HIV. In fact,treatment is now so successful that in places where sophisticated medical careis available, most HIV-infected persons can expect to live a normal lifespan.
HIV是终生的疾病，虽然目前没有治愈先例，但是人们一直在努力研究。在服药的帮助下，HIV是可以控制的，HIV到AIDS的转变过程也是可以大大被减慢的。如果你积极配合医生治疗并对你的治疗保持重视，那么很有可能你会终生携带病毒但不会发作。事实上在一些医疗条件较好的国家，现在的治疗非常有效，大部份携带病毒的人可以预期能活到正常寿命。
MYTH: HIV Is Spread Through Casual Contact
误解三：日常生活可以传播病毒
HIV cannot survive outside of the body forlong. In addition, not all body fluids carry the virus, including tears, sweat,and saliva. Therefore the virus is not transmitted by touching or other casualcontact that occurs in day-to-day social experiences like hugging, kissing,shaking hands, or sharing food or beverages. The virus is not transmitted ifthere is no sexual contact and no exchange of blood. HIV also is nottransmitted in households, even when uninfected persons share toilets, showers,and kitchens with infected individuals.
HIV在体外不能生存很久，不是所有的体液都携带病毒，比如眼泪、汗水和唾液。如果没有性行为接触也没有血液交换，病毒就无法传播。日常接触是不会传播的，共享浴室、厕所、沐浴间也不会传播
MYTH: HIV Is Commonly Spread Through BloodTransfusions
误解四：输血传播HIV很普遍
For a few years before modern blood testswere developed, HIV was occasionally spread by blood transfusion, or bytransplantation of organs from infected persons. However, modern blood testingis extremely effective in keeping contaminated blood and organs safe and almostno such cases have occurred in the U.S. or other industrialized countries formore than 20 years.
在现代血检制度诞生前，输血或者器官移植可以很偶然的传播HIV，当代的血检制度对于保持血源和器官安全非常有效，在美国和其他工业化国家里，近20多年没有再因为输血或器官捐赠而感染的先例了
MYTH: Oral Sex Is High-Risk for HIV
误解五：口交是高危行为
Almost all sexual transmission of HIVoccurs by unprotected vaginal or anal sex; transmission of HIV by oral sex isvery rare. A few cases of HIV transmission probably have occurred from anuninfected person performing fellatio (oral-penile sex) on an HIV-infectedpartner, but transmission from an infected oral partner to an uninfected penilepartner, or by cunnilingus (oral contact with female genitals) is even morerare, if it occurs at all.
几乎所有性交传播HIV的案例都是因为无保护肛交或阴道交导致的，口交传播HIV的案例非常少见。有些案例可能是来自于口交主动方，但是被动口交方或者添阴的案例非常罕见。
MYTH: Toilet Seats Can Spread HIV
误解六：马桶传播HIV
Using the same toilet seat as anHIV-infected person is considered a zero-risk behavior; HIV cannot be spreadthis way. The virus is very fragile in the sense that it does not live longoutside the body and cannot reproduce outside its living host. Further, normaluse of toilets does not expose susceptible cells to the virus.
零风险行为，病毒非常脆弱，病毒脱离身体无法生存很久，而且脱离宿主就无法复制繁殖。正常使用洗手间也不会有风险暴露
MYTH: Open Wounds or Contact With Blood in theEnvironment Can Spread HIV
误解七：开放伤口或者接触环境中的血液可以传播HIV
These are among those theoretical risksthat appear to have little or no basis in real world transmission events. Therehave been no known cases of HIV being transmitted through open wounds, exceptwhen the wound is caused by an HIV-contaminated object (like an infectedneedle). If it were to happen, the virus would likely have to come intosignificant direct contact with a fresh, bleeding wound (most minor cuts orscratches start healing within an hour of the injury). Although contact withlarge amounts of infected blood (as might occur in emergency personnelresponding to traumatic injuries) could be risky without proper protection,such as latex gloves, there have been no known cases of HIV transmission bysuperficial contact with blood or body secretions in houses, restaurants, or bysocial contact.
以上行为都只有理论上的风险，现实生活中很少或者从未发生过。没有已知的通过开放性伤口传播HIV的案例，除非伤口是由携带病毒的利器(比如携带病毒的针头)导致的。病毒需要和大量流血的新鲜的伤口有非常直接的接触(一般的小伤或者擦伤在1小时之内就可以愈合)，即使和大量的携带病毒的血液无保护接触(比如外伤急救人员)有风险，没有已知的在房间、餐馆或者社交接触中碰到血液和血液分泌物而感染的先例。
MYTH: ‘Fingering’ or Mutual Masturbation Can Spread HIV
误解八：指交或者打飞机传播HIV
Hand-genital contact has never been known to transmit HIV, even when genital secretions or saliva are used for lubrication. Similarly, insertion of fingers into body cavities, such as the vagina or rectum, (called ‘fingering’) during sex has never been known to transmit HIV, regardless of whether or not an HIV-infected person has cuts or scratches on his or her fingers.
手与生殖器的接触从来不被认为会传播HIV，即使是用分泌物或者唾液做润滑剂。无论这个人是否携带HIV，也无论他的手指有没有伤口和擦伤
MYTH: Mosquitos or Other Biting Insects Can Spread HIV
误解九：蚊子和其他咬伤传播HIV
You cannot get HIV if a mosquito or other blood-sucking insect bites you. When a bug bites you, it does not inject you with the blood of the person it last bit.
不可能
MYTH: You Can Always Spot HIV By Its Symptoms
误解十：你可以通过症状判断是否染上HIV
HIV does not always cause symptoms. Sometimes, those newly infected with the virus will experience flu-like symptoms for a few weeks after they contract it. But often, it can take up to 10 years for any signs of to appear (this is called a "latency period"). Because symptoms may be latent or easily attributed to another illness, the only way to find out whether or not you have the virus is to get tested.
HIV不是经常导致症状的，事实上新感染到病毒的人往往在接下来的几周有类似感冒的症状，通常HIV要经过10年的潜伏期才能显现症状。症状很容易和其他疾病的症状相混淆，所以想搞清你是否感染了只能靠检测
MYTH: Drug Therapy Isn’t Necessary Early On
误解十一：感染早期不需要药物治疗
HIV can severely weaken your immune system. Everyone with HIV has a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, and all infected persons should obtain expert health care as soon as possible after being diagnosed. Starting treatment early can help limit or slow down the destruction of your immune system and can slow the progression of the HIV virus to AIDS. In addition, recent groundbreaking research shows that when antiretroviral therapy is started early, there is a 95 percent reduction in HIV transmission between sex partners. (Read more about this study.)
HIV会削弱你的免疫系统，每一个携毒者都会面临生命威胁，他们应该在发现感染后尽快寻求医疗专家的帮助。越早开始治疗，可以帮助限制或者方面病毒对免疫系统的攻击，也可以放慢AIDS的生效。最近的研究表明尽快开始治疗，可以减少95%的性伙伴间的传播
MYTH: Sex Is Safe If Two People Have HIV
误解十二：如果两个人都感染的话，他们之间的性行为是安全的。。。
Choosing partners with like HIV status, such as infected person choosing partners known to also have HIV, is called “serosorting”. The safety of serosorting with respect to HIV isn’t really known. There are different strains of HIV and it may be possible to catch a second HIV infection, perhaps one that is drug-resistant and might not respond well to standard treatment of HIV/ADIS. Equally important, even with serosorting, unprotected sex still carries the risk of passing STDs, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, andherpes. In fact, at present there is a massive epidemic of syphilis occurring in HIV-infected gay men in the U.S. and other industrialized countries, probably caused in part by serosorting according to HIV status.
不翻译了，大部分人都不适用
MYTH: Babies of HIV-Infected Mothers Always Get HIV
误解十叁：母亲有HIV病毒，孩子也会有
HIV-infected women can pass the virus to their children during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breastfeeding. However expectant mothers with HIV can takes steps to greatly reduce the risk of infecting their children. HIV-infected women who undergo treatment early in pregnancy and avoid breastfeeding can reduce the risk of transmission to 2 percent.
携带病毒的母亲可能通过怀孕、生产或者哺乳传播病毒。但是母亲可以通过一些步骤来减少传播给她孩子的风险。怀孕早期就进行治疗并且避免母乳喂养的母亲可以减少感染率到2%
MYTH: HIV and AIDS Are No Longer a Health Threat
误解十四：HIV和艾滋病不再是人类的健康威胁
HIV and AIDS remain both a national and global health crisis. There are more than 34 million people living with HIV worldwide, including 1.2 million Americans, according to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2010, 2.7 million new HIV infections occurred around the world. In the U.S., 50,000 Americans become infected with HIV each year. Education and medical research continue and must remain a public health priority in order to stop the spread of HIV and find new treatments and, if possible, a cure for HIV and AIDS.
HIV和AIDS仍旧是国家和全球的健康危机。为了防止HIV传播和寻找新的治疗方案乃至治愈疾病，公共健康必须把教育和医学研究放在首位 三哥太人性化了，都把口交那段变成红色醒目了，赞。 先赞一个~！
搞点wtbdkj来缓解一下压力~！
无限感激谢谢~！ 天下人阴 发表于 2012-12-28 16:44 static/image/common/back.gif
先赞一个~！
搞点wtbdkj来缓解一下压力~！
无限感激谢谢~！
:o你还要搞哇。。。 写的非常好，我很早就看过这个，强烈要求置顶
给有些无知的人看 souble 发表于 2012-12-28 18:01 static/image/common/back.gif
写的非常好，我很早就看过这个，强烈要求置顶
给有些无知的人看
反对，口交到底有多少感染的没人能统计，感染的谁能知道是不是口交染上的呢？或许这样感染上了他们觉得太丢人了，所以才撒谎说不是，有意报复社会，让大家误以为不会感染，多感染些人陪他们作伴，所以给世人造成的假象就是口交不会感染，把科学家和医生都误导了，然后加上你们的宣传，广大人民群众都信了 850430hrtc 发表于 2012-12-28 19:22 static/image/common/back.gif
反对，口交到底有多少感染的没人能统计，感染的谁能知道是不是口交染上的呢？或许这样感染上了他们觉得太 ...
哈哈，你这种想法的人实在是呵呵，我建议你去花钱（15美元）去medhelp上问去吧，万一真是因为口交感染的，你可以要那个网站陪一大笔钱的（因为这个是医疗事故），这笔钱够你花的，估计你也不会担心感染与否的问题了 souble 发表于 2012-12-28 20:12 static/image/common/back.gif
哈哈，你这种想法的人实在是呵呵，我建议你去花钱（15美元）去medhelp上问去吧，万一真是因为口交感染的， ...
我是一个恐友，喝醉酒被小姐含小弟弟了以后我才开始关注艾滋的，网上说法太多，有说感染的有说不感染的，有说高危的有说无风险的，作为一介市井小民，我无法判断真伪，我只能怀疑，只有怀疑，这个在三国年代被人称作乱世之奸雄 850430hrtc 发表于 2012-12-28 19:22 static/image/common/back.gif
反对，口交到底有多少感染的没人能统计，感染的谁能知道是不是口交染上的呢？或许这样感染上了他们觉得太 ...
反对，和患者目光接触到底有多少感染的没人能统计，感染的谁能知道是不是和患者对视染上的呢？或许这样感染上了他们觉得太丢人了，所以才撒谎说不是，有意报复社会，让大家误以为不会感染，多感染些人陪他们作伴，所以给世人造成的假象就是和感染者目光接触不会感染，把科学家和医生都误导了，然后加上你们的宣传，广大人民群众都信了